Pediatric Education for Prehospital Professionals (PEPP) Practice Exam

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• What is the minimum systolic blood pressure for school-age children (6 to 12 years)?
• A pediatric patient with breathing difficulty has a respiratory rate of 40/min and SpO2 88% on room air. What is the appropriate initial treatment?
• SVT is described as a sign of which condition in children?
• What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for an acute pediatric asthma episode in the EMS setting?
• When are seizures considered medical emergencies in prehospital care?
• AEIOU-TIPS is used for what clinical assessment purpose?
• What is the red flag hypoglycemia threshold in newborns?
• What is the most common cause of seizures in children?
• Which sign among the following is associated with poor peripheral circulation in a child?
• Which scale can you use to help a child communicate their pain level?
• A potential complication of using a nasal airway (NPA) that is too long for the patient is:
• Which scale is commonly used to assess pain in nonverbal children?
• What clinical signs indicate pediatric airway obstruction?
• What common signs of dehydration are especially concerning in infants and toddlers?
• What is the first step when a patient’s endotracheal tube is suspected to be obstructed or misplaced?
• What is the Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) used to assess?
• What are the sizes of Epi auto injectors and who are they appropriate to use on?
• How should EMS handle a child with suspected meningitis or sepsis in terms of PPE and transport?
• For vagal maneuvers using ice packs on newborns, what is the recommended duration for each application?
• Which four drugs comprise the LEAN acronym for endotracheal administration?
• In troubleshooting a tracheostomy tube, what is the initial action you should take?
• Which PAT component focuses on color, perfusion, and warmth of the skin?
• What is the recommended compression to ventilation ratio for two-rescuer pediatric CPR?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
• Why is PAT used with children?
• What is the minimum systolic blood pressure for toddlers (1 to 3 years)?
• A child has a seizure lasting 10 minutes. Which route of medication is commonly used in the field to terminate a prolonged pediatric seizure?
• What is the recommended approach to fever management in children and the use of antipyretics?
• How should you treat a child with circumferential burns from coffee or hot water?
• The Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) is used to quickly determine a child's overall status.
• What is the recommended approach to pediatric poisoning in the field?
• What is the recommended immobilization approach for suspected pediatric cervical spine injury in the prehospital setting?
• Which method is used to estimate endotracheal tube size in pediatric patients in EMS?
• Which factor is a key sign that may indicate non-accidental trauma in a child?
• A long NPA can cause bradycardia due to stimulation of which nerve?
• Activated charcoal is contraindicated in which scenario?
• In pediatric poisoning, why is identifying the ingested substance important?
• A child was stung by a bee, is wheezing and presenting with hives and an itchy mouth. How should you treat?
• During rapid vascular access, which sign most clearly indicates an intraosseous line is improperly placed?
• What is the typical initial fluid bolus for suspected pediatric hypovolemic shock in prehospital care?
• What 3 critical questions should a pre-hospital professional be able to answer using PAT?
• What is unique about the LEAN drugs (Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, Naloxone)?
• EMS should anticipate poisoning exposures in children involving which item?
• What chest compression-to-ventilation ratio is used for single-rescuer pediatric CPR?
• How is pediatric neurologic status commonly assessed in the prehospital setting?
• Head trauma with altered level of consciousness is a contraindication for intranasal medications.
• What is a common alternative treatment to IV access for severe pediatric hypoglycemia?
• What is the red flag hypoglycemia threshold in children?
• Which medication is commonly administered intranasally in prehospital care?
• In decompensated hypovolemic shock, what happens to the systolic blood pressure?
• In the field management of a near-drowning pediatric patient, after ensuring airway and providing rescue breaths, what is the next priority?
• What is the maximum first-dose adenosine amount for pediatric SVT?
• What is the purpose of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt?
• What differentiates JumpSTART from START in pediatric triage?
• Which observation is a direct indicator to assess when evaluating work of breathing in a pediatric patient?
• Poor perfusion with pallor and delayed capillary refill reflects which PAT component?
• Which statement best describes the management of two-rescuer pediatric CPR?
• How should a pediatric patient who has nearly drowned be managed in the field?
• For infants and patients who cannot follow verbal commands, what vagal maneuver is used, and where should newborns receive this placement?
• What is the epinephrine dose for a child in asystole/PEA?
• Which of the following is NOT an indicated use for intranasal medications?
• When is intraosseous access preferred in pediatric emergencies?
• What is the gold standard for confirming endotracheal tube placement?
• Which method is appropriate for delivering albuterol during a pediatric asthma episode?
• What is a common cause of tachycardia in febrile children?
• Preschoolers have which age range and vitals?
• What is the typical intranasal midazolam dose for pediatric seizure management in EMS?
• For stable SVT in a child, which medication and dosing sequence is recommended?
• In intraosseous access, what is the correct IO site and where should IO not be applied?
• JumpSTART versus START: which statement is true about JumpSTART?
• What is the treatment for organophosphate poisoning?
• What is a recommended management step for suspected heat stroke in children?
• In a pediatric primary survey, what does the ABCDE approach emphasize?
• What differentiates a SVT from Sinus Tachycardia?
• What are the joule dosages for synchronized cardioversion in children with unstable SVT or VT?
• High pitched wheezing on inspiration is most consistent with which airway sound?
• Which scales are commonly used to assess pediatric neurologic status in the field?
• What is the upper bound of heart rate for sinus tachycardia in infants?
• Intraosseous access facts: which statement is true?
• Which route is commonly used for benzodiazepine administration in pediatric febrile seizures in EMS?
• How should a pediatric patient’s weight be estimated for medication dosing in the field?
• Why should aspirin be avoided in fever management for children?
• How should infants be secured in an ambulance?
• What is the typical volume range for a pediatric bag-valve-mask (BVM)?
• What is a key difference in airway management between infants and older children?
• Which approach is most effective to de-escalate an aggressive autistic patient in the field?
• A 7-year-old’s estimated systolic blood pressure using the quick formula is which value?
• Toddlers are typically aged 1 to 3 years. What are their normal vitals?
• What is the initial management for an infant with bronchiolitis?
• What is the minimum systolic blood pressure for preschoolers (3 to 5 years)?
• What does SLUDGEM stand for?
• In a child with signs of respiratory distress and hypoxemia, which action should be prioritized?
• What is the first dose energy for defibrillation in VF/pVT in children?
• Which of the following is an early sign of poor perfusion in a child with normal blood pressure?
• What is a common cause of pediatric seizures requiring EMS involvement?
• How should EMS manage a child with suspected pneumonia presenting with respiratory distress?
• How should metered dose inhalers (MDI) be administered and at what rate?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for intraosseous (IO) access?
• In pediatric burns, what is the general approach to fluid management?
• Which of the following can cause obstructive shock?
• Which of the following is an indication for intranasal medications?
• What is an appropriate treatment for seizures in the field?
• What is the recommended chest compression depth for infants during CPR?
• What are key signs of anaphylaxis in a child?
• Which finding would most strongly suggest incorrect intraosseous placement during rapid access?
• Nebulized epinephrine is used for which condition?
• What is the pediatric dose for dextrose when treating hypoglycemia?
• What is a common approach to EMS analgesia dosing for pediatric patients?
• Nasal flaring, when associated with tachypnea, grunting, or retractions is an indication of what?
• Which of the following is a common presenting feature of pediatric sepsis?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of Cushing's Triad?
• Which medication is not listed as an intranasal option in the material?
• Which of the following medications is commonly given intranasally in prehospital care?
• What is a safe approach to analgesia for pediatric trauma in EMS?
• In pediatric patients, SVT can be a sign of which type of shock?
• When EMS suspects pediatric poisoning, what is the recommended action?
• For a pediatric patient experiencing a febrile seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, what is the recommended prehospital management?
• What are the normal vitals for an infant under 1 year old?
• What is the most common type of shock in children?
• What do the letters in TICLS mean and which part of the PAT are they used in?
• A pediatric patient with a heart rate below 60 and no breathing requires which immediate intervention?
• Sock burns on both feet of a child most strongly suggest which of the following concerns?
• What are the alternate IO insertion sites?
• In the ABCDE approach, what does Disability assess?
• In pediatric pneumonia with respiratory distress, if wheeze is present, what should be considered?
• What is the pediatric fluid bolus dose?
• What is the minimum systolic blood pressure for infants older than one month?
• Adolescents are typically 13 to 18 years old. Which vitals are correct?
• How do you align the airway of a child during resuscitation?
• What is PAT and its 3 components?
• Which symptom is a hallmark of a cholinergic crisis?
• Which de-escalation approach is recommended when dealing with an aggressive autistic child?
• Which drug is contraindicated for asthmatics with stable SVT?
• What is the correct order of suctioning for newborns?
• How should the length-based resuscitation tape be oriented on the patient?
• What is the pediatric epinephrine dose for bradycardia when using a 0.1 mg/mL concentration?
• When is a supraglottic airway device considered in pediatric airway management?
• What is the upper bound of heart rate for sinus tachycardia in children?
• Which triage system is used for rapid on-scene pediatric trauma assessment?
• What are the joule dosages for VF/pVT in children?
• If a 12 kg child in asystole/PEA receives epinephrine, what is the total dose?
• What is the most common respiratory issue in children?
• Distributive shock is most commonly associated with which condition?
• How is Cushing's Triad defined?
• Which condition is a cause of distributive shock?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for intranasal medications?
• What is the first sign of compensated shock in pediatric patients?
• In a febrile child with tachycardia, what is a prudent initial assessment step?
• What infection-control considerations are important when managing a child with suspected infectious disease in the field?
• What is the appropriate initial treatment for a newborn with blue extremities but otherwise normal?
• How should EMS approach pediatric abdominal pain suggesting possible appendicitis?
• School age children are typically 6 to 12 years old. Which vitals are correct?
• Cardiac tamponade is a potential cause of which type of shock?
• During the primary assessment in pediatric care, what does the ABCDE acronym stand for?
• What is the most common dysrhythmia in children and its characteristics in newborns and children?
• What are the four types of shock?
• What is a common cause of bradycardia in children?
• What are typical vital sign patterns in pediatric shock?
• What tool helps determine appropriate equipment sizes and drug doses for children?
• What is the priority when pediatric abdominal pain suggests appendicitis?
• Which sign is most directly assessed as part of work of breathing in a pediatric patient?
• What is the quick formula to estimate a child's systolic blood pressure?
• Which arrhythmia is suggested by a rapid heart rate with a regular rhythm in an infant?
• At what blood glucose threshold should you treat pediatric hypoglycemia?
• During tracheostomy troubleshooting, improvement with a bag-valve-mask indicates which issue?
• What is the recommended initial approach to airway management in a pediatric patient who requires advanced airway?
• What is a critical consideration for vascular access in pediatric patients in the field?
• Which of the following best describes the rapid on-scene trauma assessment for a pediatric patient?
• What is the purpose of the Broselow or length-based tape in pediatric airway management?
• Why is parent/caregiver education important in pediatric prehospital care?
• Which sign is a late indicator of severe pediatric airway obstruction?
• A high-pitched expiratory sound most commonly indicates which airway problem?
• What does a length-based resuscitation tape help you estimate about a child?
• A child who falls 12 feet into a manhole should receive which initial treatment?
• Which statement best reflects the intranasal medications described?
• When is nebulized epinephrine indicated in pediatric respiratory illness treated by EMS?
• Which Epi auto injector dose is for children up to 25 kg?
• In compensated hypovolemic shock, what is the expected systolic blood pressure?
• How is dehydration treated in a mild to moderate pediatric patient in the EMS setting?
• Sock burns on a child’s feet should raise concern for which issue?
• Which signs indicate impending respiratory failure in a child?
• What is the recommended epinephrine dose for pediatric anaphylaxis?
• What is the maximum time an IO can be in place?
• In pediatric sepsis, which combination of signs are commonly evaluated?
• What does the LEMON mnemonic assess in airway evaluation?
• What does DUMBELS stand for?
• What are the three components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
• Organophosphate poisoning can cause a cholinergic crisis. What are the two acronyms to help you recognize this type of poisoning?
• What is the most common complication of a VP shunt?
• Hydration decisions during heat stroke should consider the child's consciousness and ability to drink.
• Which action best illustrates the correct approach to sepsis or meningitis in field care?
• Which Epi auto injector dose is for older children and adults?
• Treatment for a girl with an injury to the calf is to apply which of the following?
• What is the initial energy dose for synchronized cardioversion in unstable SVT or VT in children?
• What is the typical heart rate for supraventricular tachycardia in children?
• What is the pediatric epinephrine dose for bradycardia when using a 1 mg/mL concentration?
• What chest compression-to-ventilation ratio is used for two-rescuer pediatric CPR?
• Which statement about JumpSTART triage is true?
• JumpSTART triage is used during pediatric mass casualty incidents to categorize non-ambulatory children into which groups?
• Answering the 3 critical questions allows the healthcare professional to select which 3 actions?
• For a seizure in a child, which route is used for midazolam administration in prehospital care?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
• TICLS assessment is used in which PAT domain?
• In pediatric trauma care, which action is most appropriate when a calf laceration is bleeding heavily?
• In pediatric mass casualty incidents, what is JumpSTART and when is it used?
• In infants, a heart rate greater than 220 with a regular rhythm indicates which arrhythmia?